Inselele

Isidingo sonyaka sokunisela e-Yuanmou singama-cubic metres angu-92.279 million (m³).Nokho, amanzi angu-66.382 million m³ kuphela atholakalayo unyaka ngamunye.Amaphesenti angama-55 kuphela amahektha angama-28,667 omhlaba olimekayo esifundeni oniselwa ngenkasa.Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu baseYuanmou befuna izixazululo kule nkinga yamanzi, kodwa uhulumeni wasekhaya unesabelomali esilinganiselwe namandla okwenza imizamo yokonga amanzi ngaphezu kwemiklamo yakhe yengqalasizinda ehleliwe.

Umongo

IYuanmou County isenyakatho neCentral Yunnan Plateau futhi ibusa amadolobha amathathu namalokishi ayisikhombisa.Umkhakha wayo omkhulu kunawo wonke owezolimo, futhi cishe u-90% wabantu bangabalimi.Lesi sifunda sicebile ngerayisi, imifino, umango, i-longan, ikhofi, izithelo ze-tamarind, nezinye izitshalo ezishisayo nezishisayo.

Kunamadamu amathathu esifundeni, angasebenza njengemithombo yamanzi okunisela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali engenayo yonyaka nge-capita ngayinye yabalimi bendawo ingaphezu kuka-¥8,000 ($1,153) futhi inani lokukhiphayo elimaphakathi ngehektha ngalinye lidlula ¥150,000 ($21,623).Lezi zici zenza i-Yuanmou ifaneleke ngokwezomnotho ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi yokuguqula ukongiwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwe-PPP.

Isixazululo

Uhulumeni we-PRC ukhuthaza imboni ezimele ukuthi ibambe iqhaza ekutshalweni kwezimali, ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwamaphrojekthi okonga amanzi ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-PPP njengoba lokhu kungase kunciphise umthwalo kahulumeni wezezimali nobuchwepheshe ekuletheni izinsiza zomphakathi ezingcono nangesikhathi.

Ngokuthenga ngokuncintisana, uhulumeni wasekhaya waseYuanmou ukhethe i-Dayu Irrigation Group Co., LTD.njengozakwethu wephrojekthi ye-Water Bureau yakhe ekwakheni uhlelo lwenethiwekhi yamanzi yokuchelela emapulazini.U-Dayu uzosebenzisa lolu hlelo iminyaka engu-20.

Le phrojekthi yakha uhlelo oludidiyelwe lwenethiwekhi yamanzi olunalezi zingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Ukungena kwamanzi: Izindawo ezimbili zokudla ezinamazinga amaningi kumachibi amabili.
• Ukudluliswa kwamanzi: Ipayipi elikhulu elingamakhilomitha angama-32.33 (km) lokudluliswa kwamanzi asuka ezindaweni zokudonsa amanzi kanye namapayipi amakhulu okudlulisa amanzi angama-46 aqonde ngqo epayipini elikhulu anobude obungu-156.58 km.
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi: Amapayipi amancane angu-801 okusatshalaliswa kwamanzi aqonde ngqo kumapayipi amakhulu okudluliswa kwamanzi anobude obungu-266.2 km, amapayipi egatsha angu-901 okusabalalisa amanzi ngokuhambisana namapayipi amancane anobude obungu-345.33 km, kanye namamitha ahlakaniphile angu-4,933 DN50 .
• Ubunjiniyela bamapulazi: Inethiwekhi yamapayipi ngaphansi kwamapayipi egatsha okusabalalisa amanzi, ahlanganisa amapayipi asizayo angu-4,753 anobude obungu-241.73 km, amashubhu angu-65.56 million wamamitha, amapayipi okunisela amamitha ayizigidi ezingu-3.33, nama-dripper ayizigidi ezingu-1.2.
• Isistimu yolwazi yokonga amanzi ehlakaniphile:Uhlelo lokuqapha ukudluliswa nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi, uhlelo lokuqapha ulwazi lwezezulu kanye nomswakama, ukuchelela okuzenzakalelayo okonga amanzi, kanye nesikhungo sokulawula uhlelo lolwazi.

Le phrojekthi ididiyelwe amamitha amanzi ahlakaniphile, i-valve kagesi, uhlelo lokuphakela amandla, inzwa engenantambo, nemishini yokuxhumana engenantambo ukuze idlulisele ulwazi, njengokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezitshalo, inani likamanyolo, inani lezibulala-zinambuzane, umswakama wenhlabathi, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukusebenza okuphephile kwamapayipi nokunye, esikhungweni sokulawula.Kwasungulwa uhlelo olukhethekile abalimi abangaludawuniloda futhi balufake kumaselula abo.Abalimi bangasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ukukhokha imali yamanzi futhi bafake amanzi avela esikhungweni sokulawula.Ngemva kokuqoqa ulwazi lokufakwa kwamanzi kubalimi, isikhungo sokulawula sihlela isimiso sokuphakelwa kwamanzi futhi sibazise ngokuthumela imiyalezo.Khona-ke, abalimi bangasebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini babo ukusebenzisa ama-valve okulawula asendaweni okunisela, umanyolo, nokufaka izibulala-zinambuzane.Manje sebengakwazi ukuthola amanzi uma bedingeka futhi bonge nezindleko zabasebenzi.

Ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, iphrojekthi iphinde yethula idatha- kanye nezindlela ezisekelwe ezimakethe ukwenza uhlelo oludidiyelwe lwenethiwekhi yamanzi luzinze.

• Ukwabiwa kwamalungelo amanzi okuqala:Ngokusekelwe ophenyweni olunzulu nasekuhlaziyeni, uhulumeni ukhombisa isilinganiso sezinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngehektha ngalinye futhi umisa uhlelo lokuthengiselana lwamalungelo amanzi lapho amalungelo amanzi angadayiswa khona.
• Intengo yamanzi:Uhulumeni ubeka inani lamanzi, elingase lilungiswe ngokusekelwe ekubalweni nasekugadweni ngemva kokulalelwa komphakathi kwe-Price Bureau.
• Inzuzo yokonga amanzi kanye nendlela yoxhaso oluhlosiwe:Uhulumeni usungula isikhwama sokuklomelisa ukonga amanzi ukuze sinikeze abalimi isikhuthazo kanye nokuxhasa ukutshalwa kwerayisi.Khonamanjalo, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokukhokhiswa okwengeziwe okuqhubekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amanzi ngokweqile.
• Ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu abaningi:Umfelandawonye wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ohlelwe nguhulumeni wasekhaya futhi owasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela yihhovisi lokuphatha amanzi, imiphakathi engu-16 namakomiti amadolobhana, endaweni enkulu yokunisela yaseYuanmou County usumunce abasebenzisi bamanzi abangu-13,300 endaweni yephrojekthi njengamalungu okubambisana futhi wanyusa ￥27.2596 izigidi ($3.9296 wezigidi) ngokubhalisela ukwabelana okutshalwe ku-Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), inkampani engaphansi eyasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela yi-Dayu kanye nohulumeni wendawo wase-Yuanmou, enembuyiselo eqinisekisiwe enenani elincane elingu-4.95%.Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabalimi kusiza ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi futhi kuhlanganyele inzuzo ye-SPV.
• Ukuphathwa nokugcinwa kwephrojekthi.Le phrojekthi isebenzise amazinga amathathu okuphatha nokugcinwa kwawo.Imithombo yamanzi ehlobene nephrojekthi ilawulwa futhi inakekelwe yihhovisi lokuphatha amadamu.Amapayipi okudlulisa amanzi kanye nezinsiza zokulinganisa amanzi ahlakaniphile ukusuka ezikhungweni zokuthatha amanzi kuya kumamitha okuphela kwendawo aphethwe futhi anakekelwe yi-SPV.Khonamanjalo, amapayipi okunisela nge-drip ngemva kwamamitha okuphela kwensimu azakhela wona futhi alawulwa ngabasebenzisi abahlomulayo.Amalungelo empahla yephrojekthi acaciswa ngokomgomo othi “umuntu ungumnikazi walokho akutshalayo”.

Imiphumela

Le phrojekthi ikhuthaze ukushintshela ohlelweni lwesimanje lwezolimo olusebenza ngempumelelo ekongeni nasekukhuliseni ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamanzi, umanyolo, isikhathi, kanye nabasebenzi;nasekukhuliseni imali yabalimi.

Ngobuchwepheshe be-drip ehlelekile, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi emapulazini kwenziwa ngempumelelo.Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngehektha ngalinye sehlisiwe saba ngu-2,700–3,600 m³ sisuka ku-9,000–12,000 m³.Ngaphandle kokunciphisa umsebenzi womlimi, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi okuchelela nge-drip ukuze kufakwe umanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngo-30%.Lokhu kunyuse ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo ngo-26.6% kwathi imali yabalimi yaba ngu-17.4%.

Le phrojekthi iphinde yehlisa isilinganiso sezindleko zamanzi ehektheleni kuya ku-￥5,250 ($757) sisuka ku-￥18,870 ($2,720).Lokhu kukhuthaze abalimi ukuthi basuke ezitshalweni zesintu zokusanhlamvu baye ezitshalweni zemali ezibiza kakhulu njengezithelo zamahlathi ezomnotho, njengomango, ama-longan, amagilebhisi namawolintshi.Lokhu kunyuse imali engenayo ngehektha ngalinye ngaphezu kuka-￥75,000 yuan ($10,812).

I-Special Purpose Vehicle, ethembele enkokhelweni yamanzi ekhokhelwa abalimi, kulindeleke ukuthi ibuyise izimali zayo ezitshaliwe eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyi-7.Inzuzo yayo ekutshalweni kwezimali ingaphezu kuka-7%.

Ukuqapha okusebenzayo kanye nokulungiswa kwezinga lamanzi, imvelo, kanye nomhlabathi kugqugquzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwepulazi okunomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokuluhlaza.Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane kwancishiswa.Lezi zinyathelo zehlisa ukungcoliswa kwemithombo okungeyona indawo futhi zenza ezolimo zendawo zikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Izifundo

Ukusebenzelana kwenkampani ezimele kuyasiza ekuguquleni indima kahulumeni isuke ekubeni “umsubathi” iye ekubeni “unompempe.”Ukuncintisana kwemakethe okugcwele kwenza ochwepheshe basebenzise ubuchwepheshe babo.

Imodeli yebhizinisi yephrojekthi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga ikhono eliqinile eliphelele lokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwephrojekthi.

Iphrojekthi ye-PPP, ehlanganisa indawo enkulu, edinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu, nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, ayigcini nje ukunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukucindezela kwezimali zikahulumeni zokutshala izimali zesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukuqedwa kokwakhiwa ngesikhathi kanye nokusebenza okuhle kokusebenza.

Qaphela: I-ADB ibona “i-China” njenge-People's Republic of China.

Izinsiza

I-China Public Private Partnerships Centre(isixhumanisi singaphandle)iwebhusayithi.